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The correct answer highlights the essential function of Identity and Access Management (IAM) in security, which is to ensure that only authorized individuals have access to specific resources at appropriate times, based on predefined policies and roles. This principle is foundational in protecting sensitive data and compliance with regulations, as it mitigates risks by preventing unauthorized access and potential security breaches.

IAM systems implement identity verification and access control mechanisms that can enforce policies across an organization. This ensures that users have the necessary permissions to perform their tasks, while also maintaining accountability and audit trails for compliance purposes. It addresses both the principle of least privilege and the importance of timely access, acknowledging that individuals may need access to different resources based on their roles and responsibilities.

In contrast, options referring to controlling network traffic, providing a unified authentication process, or encapsulating software do not directly relate to the core functions of IAM. These aspects, while important in broader security practices, do not encapsulate the primary aim of IAM, which revolves around managing who can access what in an organization's information systems.